Lecture 9: Reading Past Papers — 2009

Key Points

Concept: -ness suffix

• Concept:
• Added after adjectives to form abstract nouns, indicating nature, situation, or state;
• Example:
• decisiveness: decisive
• greatness: Great
• goodness: Good deeds
• badness: Bad deeds
• weakness: Weak
• darkness: Darkness
• willingness: Willingly
• commonness: ordinary

Concept: Attributive clauses are often a key focus in exams

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Reading Summary

• In the it seems ... of the article, seem often follows viewpoints the author disagrees with;
• Pronoun reference principle: proximate reference;
• When asking about characteristics or characteristics, find adjectives in the article <- AG：The importance of education in poor countries ...;

Vocabulary Summary

Article: TEXT 1

• formation: to form
• reflect: to reflect, to think;
• mechanical: mechanical, rigid
• paradoxical: self-contradictory
• train of thought: a train of thought
• rather then: Not really...
• inherently: inherently, inherently, innate
• work thought: overcome
• commonness: ordinary
• complies: to obey, to obey
• comfort: comfortable
• ever is not equal to even, ever -> ever, ever, at any time; always, always;
• unaware: unconscious, unknown
• emphasis: emphasis

Article: TEXT 2

• ancestry: ancestor, lineage
• shell out: to buy
• over-the-counter: over-the-counter trading
• passionate: fanatical, passionate
• hawked: Howling (negative)
• bloodline: lineage
• critics: critics
• excessive: excessive
• patent: patent
• Paternity: The identity of a father
• evaluation: to assess

Article: TEXT 3

• is subject to: easily affected
• groundless: baseless;
• afford: to pay, undertake;
• finding: research results
• factory -> factories: factory;
• meet -> met
• after all: after all

Article: TEXT 4

• minister: a pastor
• pursuit: to pursue
• Puritan: Puritan
• dominant: dominant: dominant
• superstitious: superstitious
• quality: Feature