Lecture 23：嵌套结构

23.1 什么是嵌套结构

23.1.1 基本概念

概念

• 核心：
• 多件事构成的大的结构当中套了一个小的结构；
• 可能一个大句子当中，嵌套了一个甚至两个小的句子；
• 分析：
• 第一步：正常的断开长难句（断开+简化）
• 第二步：把断开的句子理清逻辑关系；
• 比如：一句话还没说完，就开始了下一个句子（一件事） -> 此时就是一个大句子包一个小句子；
• 第三步：把大句子和小句子分别分析理解；

23.1.2 举例分析

举例

• The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of allthe data that our lives now generate.
• 第一步：数谓语动词
• is、should benefit、generate
• 第二步：标点、连接词
• who、that
• 第三步：一刀切，层层看
• 先看大句子：
• The great question is -> 这个句子还没说完，下一个句子就开始了 -> 这里肯定出现了一大包一小；
• 然后看里圈：
• who should benefit from the analysis of all the data -> who：表语从句
• 再往里面看：
• that our livès now generate. -> that 跟在 data 后背 -> 补充修饰 data -> 定语从句；
• 逻辑关系：
• 
• It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected workers’productivity
• 谓语动词：
• hoped -> 主动希望的 -> 谓语动词；
• would learn -> 谓语动词；
• affected -> 主动影响的 -> 谓语动词；
• 连接词：that
• 1、2 谓语动词没断开，分析主谓；
• it hoped they would learn -> 主谓主谓结构 -> 中间断开；
• it hoped -> 一件事情没说完，开始了下一个句子 -> 宾语从句；
• they would learn -> 宾语的位置缺了 -> 宾语从句；
• 逻辑关系：
• 
• If we are serious about ensuring that our science is bothmeaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutionsincentivise that kind of science.
• 

23.2 真题演练

举例

• Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which ishow we often think of them.
• 
• A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold theentire fundamental structure of a language, which is whychildren can learn it so quickly.
• 
• 从外往里看，逐层一个一个的看 -> 先看主句，再看从句；
• Researchers admit that their study does not answer thequestion of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR
• 
• The most famous of these efforts was initiated by NoamChomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innatelanguage-acquisition capacity that dictates a universagrammar.
• 
• For years executives and headhunters have adhered tothe rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are theones who must be poached.
• 
• Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employeeswhose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.
•