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Lecture 20:断开长难句之分析主谓

考研英语学习笔记:Lecture 20:断开长难句之分析主谓。保留原始公式、图示与例题。

本页目录

20.1 主谓模型

20.1.1 基本概念

分析主谓

  • 原因:
  • 有时在句子中,没有标点和连接词,因此需要分析主谓来断开长难句;
  • 核心:
  • 先找谓语动词 -> 谓语动词前面的就是主语 -> 找到了主谓结构;
  • 模型:
  • 1. 主谓主谓;
  • 2. 主主谓谓;
  • 3. 主谓主谓主谓(少见);
  • 总结:
  • 1. 只要在句子中遇到了名词+主谓,这个就是就是一个定语从句,此时可以往前翻译成 ...样的 + 名词
  • 2. 如果是主谓主谓主谓,将三个主谓依次断开即可;

两种模型:主谓主谓

  • 含义:
  • 前面主谓是一件事情,后背的主谓是一件事;
  • 前面的主谓是主句,后背的主谓是从句;
  • 推导:
  • 前后有两件事,所以肯定一个主句、一个从句;
  • 假设前一半是从句 -> 作为主语 -> 主语从句 -> 因此后背不需要主语 -> 所以前面的句子不能是从句 -> 所以前面的主谓是主句,后背的是从句;

两种模型:主主谓谓

  • 含义:
  • 里面小的主谓是从句;
  • 外面大的主... 谓是主句;

20.1.2 分析举例

举例

  • The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning...
  • 两谓语动词,分成两段;
  • 结构:主谓主谓
  • 主句:The lASB says
  • 从句:it does not want to act without overall planning. 宾语从句
  • Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share…
  • 谓语动词:was、share
  • 结构:主谓主谓
  • 主句:Allen's contribution was to take an assumption
  • 从句:we all share
  • 结论:只要在句子中遇到了名词+主谓,这个就是就是一个定语从句,此时可以往前翻译成 ...样的 + 名词
  • When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law itshapes is inescapably political...
  • 谓语动词:三个,deals、shapes、is
  • 有标点;有连接词 When ;
  • 第一次断开:
  • When the court deals with social policy decisions;一个谓语动词,已经断开完成;
  • The law it shapes is inescapably political.. ;两个谓语动词:shapes 和 is ,还需要继续断开;
  • 第二次断开:分析主谓
  • the law it shapes is inescapably political…
  • 结构:主主谓谓
  • 从句:it shapes -> 修饰 the law -> 定语从句;
  • 主句:the law ... Is inescapably political
  • The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from abroad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
  • 谓语动词:approach、means、stems
  • 连接词:that
  • 第一次断开:
  • The way consumers now approach the process of makingpurchase decisions means -> 两个谓语动词,还需要断开;
  • that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factorsbeyond conventional paid media.
  • 分析主谓:The way consumers now approach the process of makingpurchase decisions means
  • approach 的主语:consumers
  • means 的主语:The way ?!
  • 结构:主主谓谓
  • 主句:The way ... Means
  • 从句:consumers now approach the process of makingpurchase decisions
  • 其他:that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factorsbeyond conventional paid media

20.2 考察攻略

攻略 1:断开长难句只看谓语动词,不考虑非谓语动词

  • 内容:
  • 真题当中,只考虑谓语动词;
  • 关注谓语动词的两个内容:
  • 1. 位置;
  • 2. 数量;
  • 举例:
  • …an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.
  • 谓语动词:was leading、were working -> 两件事,断开成两段;
  • 主谓主谓结构,后一段是定语从句:they were working with

攻略 2:找的时候先找从句,看的时候先看主句

  • 举例:
  • The Dutch qiant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of thescientific papers produced in the world, made profits of morethan £900 m last year, while Uk universities alone spent morethan £210 m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their ownpublicly funded research...
  • 谓语动词:claims、made、spent
  • produced 是非谓语 <- 论文生成出来;
  • funded 是非谓语 <- 被资助的研究;
  • 断开:
  • 主句:The Dutch qiant Elsevier ... made profits of morethan £900 m last year
  • 从句:which claims to publish 25% of thescientific papers produced in the world
  • 从句(对比):while Uk universities alone spent morethan £210 m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their ownpublicly funded research

攻略 3:分清主句和从句,帮助解题得分

  • 观点题
  • 两种考法:
  • 考发出观点的人
  • 没说是谁的,都是作者的观点;
  • 说了是谁的,都可以在原文中找到;
  • 考发出观点的细节
  • 举例:
  • The author believes that the devoted concertgoers___
  • 前面一半是主句:The author believes
  • 后面一般是从句:that the devoted concertgoers
  • 这句话考的是:
  • 作者的观点...
  • 从句里面的具体观点...
  • 上面问题的对应句子:
  • Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for liveperformance are missing the point.
  • 主句:Devoted concertgoers... Are missing the point
  • 从句:who reply that recordings are no substitute for liveperformance
  • 从句里面是观众的观点,主句里面是作者的观点;