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Lecture 9:同位语与插入语

考研英语学习笔记:Lecture 9:同位语与插入语。保留原始公式、图示与例题。

本页目录

9.1 什么是同位语

概念

  • 用于解释、说明谓语,放在谓语的后面、表达和谓语一样的一起,其称之为同位语;
  • 是句子的补充说明信息;

举例

  • the number of papers including the keywords "environmental change”or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004.
  • 这里的同位语"environmental change”or “climate change”用于解释说明谓语 keyword;

9.2 如何使用同位语

专有名词 vs. 普通名词

  • It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with windows 8,wouldould have DNT as a default.

同位语的特点

  • 放的位置 -> 解释的名词在哪,它就在哪;

9.3 什么是插入语

插入语:指的是位置上是插入进来的句子,通常会有标点把它进行隔开,可以识别;

9.3.1 主谓结构作插入语

意思:表示"某人说、某人认为..."

  • No one, he submits, could have written it without possessingsome power of reasoning.
  • he submits:介绍了这句话的来源;
  • This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression.
  • 生活的加速,未来主义者说,需要一种新的生活方式;

9.3.2 副词作插入语

  • Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a majorsubject for journalists.

9.3.3 介词短语作插入语

  • Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at politicalevents.

9.4 同位语与插入语的区别

相同点:两者是同不同的角度,来插入信息

  • 同位语是从内容的角度,解释内容;
  • 插入语是从位置上来讲,直接插入到句子中;
  • 举例:Tony, my teacher, is coming here. 这句话即使同位语,也是插入语;
  • 举例:Tony, with his students, is coming here 这句话是插入语,但不是同位语;

区别:同位语和插入语都是对于句子的补充说明,因此都是非核心部分,在考研的长难句分析当中可以先略去不看。

  • 尤其是旁边有逗号或破折号隔开的时候,可以率先省掉,降低句子难度;
  • 但不可以永远去掉,可以在看完主要内容之后再来看;

9.5 考场攻略

攻略:如何利用简单句的核心和扩展提高考研英语分数?

  • 提升读句子和写句子;
  • 写句子:从短到长;
  • 女孩玩游戏 -> 女孩们正在玩游戏 -> 可爱的女孩正在玩游戏 -> 好几千个可爱的女孩正在玩游戏 -> 下课之后,几千个可爱的女孩正在操场上玩游戏;
  • Girls play games ->
  • Girls are playing games ->
  • Cute girls are playing games happily. ->
  • Thousands of cute girls are playing games very happily. ->
  • After class thousands of cute girls are playing games very happily on the playground.
  • 所以写句子和语法息息相关,可以帮助达成从简单到扩展;
  • 读句子:发现一个很长的句子,先去掉扩展,抓住句子的核心内容,反向读句子的内容;
  • 去扩展,找核心,由长到短再到长;

读句子的能力

  • In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.
  • 1. 找谓语动词,确定是否为简单句(一件事):
  • In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.
  • 2. 简化:去掉扩展的内容:
  • 主语:the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is
  • 谓语:working
  • 核心:the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) is ... Working …
  • 3. 再合在一起翻译;